This page describes what our process actually does. It is deliberately specific about its limits.
1. Primary sources only. When we publish a number attributed to an agency or a manufacturer, we open that source and link to it in the same sentence. We do not write “studies show” or “according to reports”. If we cannot find the primary source, the number does not go in.
2. Source text is stored, not just the value. For our reference datasets we keep the sentence a figure was read from, alongside the figure itself, and publish both in the downloadable file. A transcription error then has to be visible in the quoted sentence rather than hiding as a plausible-looking number.
3. Published totals are checked against their own columns. Where a source prints a total, we recompute it. Where the two disagree, we say so on the page and show our working rather than silently substituting our own figure.
4. Specifications are normalised before comparison. Capacity, output, surge, and weight are converted to consistent units so that two products can be compared on the same axis. Where a manufacturer publishes a figure under conditions that are not comparable, we note the condition instead of dropping it into a table as if it were equivalent.
5. Model status is tracked. Products move through current, superseded, and discontinued. A model that is no longer current does not appear as a recommendation.
6. Prices are dated, not stable. Street prices in this category move by thirty to forty percent around sales events. Where we print a price, it is the manufacturer’s list price on the day we checked, with that date beside it and any sale price we saw that day in a note. We never quote a street price as if it were fixed.
7. Independent review before publication. Reference datasets are reviewed by someone other than the person who assembled them, against two separate questions: is every figure traceable, and would an outside editor be willing to cite this. Both have to pass.
What this process cannot tell you. We do not measure runtime, noise, inverter behaviour under load, or real-world charge cycles. Those require physical testing we do not perform. Where that evidence matters for a decision, we say that it is missing rather than filling the gap with an impression.
How we calculate runtime
Every runtime figure on a comparison page is a calculated range, not a measurement; we do not bench-test units. The formula is hours = rated Wh × efficiency ÷ (appliance W × duty cycle). Efficiency is assumed from how heavily the appliance loads the inverter:
| Load | Assumed DC-to-AC efficiency |
|---|---|
| 0%–5% of the inverter’s continuous rating | 70%–82% |
| 5%–20% of the inverter’s continuous rating | 80%–87% |
| 20%–80% of the inverter’s continuous rating | 85%–90% |
| 80%–110% of the inverter’s continuous rating | 82%–88% |
Appliance assumptions are fixed across every page so that units can be compared on the same scenario:
| Appliance | Running draw | Start-up surge | Duty cycle |
|---|---|---|---|
| Full-size refrigerator | 150 W | 900 W | 35% |
| Mini fridge | 70 W | 400 W | 30% |
| CPAP without humidifier | 40 W | — | 100% |
| CPAP with heated humidifier | 95 W | — | 100% |
| Gas furnace blower | 400 W | 1600 W | 40% |
| 1/3 hp sump pump | 500 W | 1800 W | 15% |
| Router and modem | 20 W | — | 100% |
| Laptop | 60 W | — | 100% |
| 1500W space heater | 1500 W | — | 100% |
Start-up comes first. “Unlikely to start” means the appliance’s start-up surge exceeds the unit’s stated surge rating, and no runtime is shown because capacity is irrelevant if the motor never starts. “Start-up not assessed” appears where the start-up draw exceeds the unit’s continuous rating and the maker states no conventional motor-start surge to check it against (boost modes for resistive loads, such as Anker’s SurgePad or Bluetti’s Power Lifting, are not surge ratings). Real runtime also depends on temperature, battery age and how the appliance cycles.
Usable capacity
“Usable capacity (calculated)” is the rated capacity multiplied by the 85–90% efficiency band above (the 20–80% load case). No manufacturer we have checked publishes a usable figure, so the row carries no source note.
The normalized ratios
Raw capacity favors the bigger unit by definition, so each comparison also shows these ratios. A check mark is awarded only when both inputs are manufacturer figures (not upper bounds), the two units are rated to the same threshold where that matters, and the difference is larger than 3%.
| Ratio | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cost per watt-hour | Price divided by rated capacity. Lower is better. |
| Watt-hours per pound | How much energy you carry per pound. Higher is better. |
| Surge headroom | Surge rating divided by continuous rating. Higher means more margin for motor start-up. |
| Recharge rate | Rated capacity divided by full-recharge minutes. Higher is faster. |
| Rated cycle life | Manufacturer’s rated cycles. Only comparable when rated to the same remaining capacity. |
| Continuous watts per dollar | Continuous output divided by price. Higher is better. |